Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center - ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Contents taken from Global Change Acronyms and Abbreviations, 1995. ORNL/CDIAC-83, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Edited by: Cindy T. Woodard and FrederickW. Stoss. Can't find an acronym you're looking for in our listing? Try the listing, andadditional links, maintained by the U.S. Global Change Research Information Office. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z AA-S Arakawa-SchubertA-SAR Advanced Synthetic Aperture RadarA-SCAT Advanced scatterometerA%C Animal population ratio living in cool climate regionAA atomic absorptionAAAS American Association for the Advancement of ScienceAABW Antarctic Bottom WaterAAF Association Aeronautique et Astronautique de FranceAAG American Association of GeographersAAIW Antarctic Intermediate WaterAAOE Airborne Antarctic Ozone ExperimentAARI Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (Russian Federation)AAS atomic absorption spectrometry (spectrometer, spectroscopy)AASE Airborne Arctic Stratospheric ExpeditionAASP American Association of Stratigraphic PalynologistsAASSREC Association of Asian Social Science Research CouncilsAATSR advanced along-track scanning radiometerAAWORD Association of African Women for Research and DevelopmentABE Advisory Board on Energy (India)ABL atmospheric boundary layerABLE Atmospheric Boundary Layer ExperimentACA Advanced Computer Applications (project)ACABQ Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary QuestionsACARS Aircraft Communication and Recording SystemACARS ARINC Communications and Reporting SystemACAST Advisory Committee on the Application of Science and Technology to Development (UN)ACATS Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace SpeciesACC Administrative Coordination Committee (ECOSOC)ACC Air Combat Command (formerly TAC)ACC Antarctic Circumpolar CurrentACCI Advisory Committee on Climate Applications and Data (WMO)ACCLAIM ACC Levels by Altimetrics and Island MeasurementsACCM Atmospheric General Circulation ModelACCP Atlantic Climate Change ProgrammeACD Aeronautical Charting Division (NOS)ACE-1 Southern Hemisphere Marine Aerosol Characterization Experiment (IGAC)ACE-2 North Atlantic Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (IGAC)ACE Advisory Committee on the Environment (ICSU)ACE Aerosol Characterization Experiment (IGAC)ACE Atmospheric Chemistry Education in Global Change (IGAC)ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial HygienistsACH4 Annual methane (CH4) emission from enteric fermentationACHEX Aerosol Characterization ExperimentACID Acidification Chemistry Information Data Base (BNL)ACL alternate concentration levelACM advanced climate modelACMAD African Centre of Meteorological Applications for DevelopmentACP Atmospheric Chemistry Program (DOE)ACR active cavity radiometerACRIM active cavity radiometer irradiance monitorACS American Chemical SocietyACSM American Congress of Surveying and MappingACSYS Arctic Climate System Study (WCRP)ACTM Atmospheric chemical transport modelACTS African Centre for Technology StudiesA.D. anno DominiADAAC Affiliated Distributed Active Archive CenterADALT Advanced Radar AltimeterADB Asian Developing BankADC Affiliated Data CenterADCLS Advanced Data Collection and Location SystemADCP Accoustic Doppler Current ProfilerADDNET Acid Deposition Data Network (EPA)ADEOS Advanced Earth Observation Satellite (Japan)ADEOS Advanced Earth Observing SystemADMC Agri-residue dry matter contentADP automatic data processingADPE automatic data processing equipmentAE Atmosphere ExplorerAEC U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (now DOE)AEDD Arctic Environment Data DirectoryAEEI Atmospheric Emitted Radiance InstrumentAEEI Autonomous energy-efficiency index (improvements)AEF Average emission factorAER Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (Cambridge, Massachusetts)AER atmospheric and environmental research (DOE)AERI Atmospheric Emitted Radiance InstrumentAERI Atmospheric Emitted Radiance InterferometerAERI-FEP AERI Front End ProcessorAEROCE Atmosphere/Ocean Chemistry ExperimentAES Atmospheric Environment Service (Canada)AEST Australian Eastern Standard TimeAET actual evapotranspirationAF Agri-residue used for animal feedAFBC Atmospheric Fluidized Bed CombustorAFDM ash free dry massAFEAS Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability StudyAFGL Air Force Geophysics LaboratoryAFGWC Air Force Global Weather Central (U.S.)AFR AfricaAFS American Fisheries SocietyAGA American Gas AssociationAGAGE Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases ExperimentAGAL Australian Government Analytical LaboratoriesAGASP Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling ProgrammeAGBD Above ground biomass densityAGCM Atmospheric General Circulation ModelAGID Association for Geoscientists for International DevelopmentAGL above ground levelAGU American Geophysical UnionAgr. Agriculture (USDA)AGRHYMET Agronmeteorology and Operational Hydrology and Their ApplicationsAGU American Geophysical UnionAGWAT Agriculture and Water Project (JECOR)AGWP Absolute Global Warming PotentialAH Air HeaterAIAA American Institute of Aeronautics and AstronauticsAIBS American Institute of Biological SciencesAIChE American Institute of Chemical EngineersAICRIP All India Coordinated Programme for Rice ImprovementAID Agency for International Development (U.S.)AIDJEX Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint ExperimentAIHA American Industrial Hygiene AssociationAIJ Activities Implemented JointlyAIM approximate inertial manifoldAIM Asian-Pacific Integrated ModelAIME American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical EngineersAIP Algorithm Intercomparison ProgrammeAIP-1 Algorithm Intercomparison Project-1AIP-2 Algorithm Intercomparison Project-2AIP-3 Algorithm Intercomparison Project-3AIREP Aircraft Weather ReportAIRS atmospheric infrared sounderAIRS-AMSU Atmospheric Infrared-Advanced Microwave Sounding UnitAIRS/MHS Advanced Infrared Radiometer Sounder (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder)/Microwave Humidity SounderAIS airborne imaging spectrometerAIT Asian Institute of TechnologyAITP Arctic Ice Thickness Project (WCRP)AJAX 1983 Oceanographic cruise along 0° Meridian into Weddell Sea (U.S., SIO)AL Aeronomy Laboratory (Boulder, Colorado) (ERL)Al aluminumAl2O3 alumina (aluminum oxide)ALA American Library AssociationALACE Autonomous Lagrangian Circulation ExplorerALADIN Atmospheric Laser Doppler InstrumentALARA as low as reasonably achievableALBIOS Aluminum Biogeochemistry in Soils (EPRI)ALE Atmospheric Lifetime ExperimentALE/GAGE ALE/Global Atmospheric Gases ExperimentALEXIS Array of Low-Energy X-Ray Imaging SensorsAlf Grimco A-700 processor used for data analysisALFA AER Local Forecast and Assimilation (Model)ALIAS Aircraft Laser Infrared Absorption SpectrometerALK alkalinityALOHA A Long-term Oligotrophic Habitat AssessmentALPEX Alpine ExperimentALS Adirondack Lake Survey (ALSC)ALSC Adirondack Lake Survey CorporationALSS Aluminum in Streams Study (EPRI)ALT altimeterALT Alert, Northwest Territories, CanadaALTA Active Long Term ArchiveAMA African Mountains AssociationAMAD activity median aerodynamic diameterAMAP Arctic Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeAMBIACE Amazon Biogeochemistry and Atmospheric Chemistry ExperimentAMD Developing AmericaAmeDAS Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition SystemAMEX Atlantic Meteorology ExperimentAM/FM Automated Mapping/Facilities Management (Society)AMI active microwave instrumentationAMIE Automated Methane Instrument EvaluationAMIGO America's Inter-hemispheric Geobiosphere OrganizationAMIP Atmospheric Model Intercomparison ProjectAMMS Advanced Multichannel Microwave SensorAMQUA American Quaternary AssociationAMRIR advanced medium resolution imaging radiometerAMS accelerator mass spectrometryAMS American Mathematical SocietyAMS American Meteorological SocietyAMS Applied Mathematical Sciences (DOE)AMSR advanced microwave scanning radiometerAMSU advanced microwave sounding unitAMSU-A advanced microwave sounding unit-AAMTS advanced moisture and temperature sounderAMU atomic mass unitANARE Australian National Antarctic Research EstablishmentANBS Asian Network of Biological SciencesANC acid-neutralizing capacityANL Argonne National LaboratoryANFC Annual Natural Forest ClearedANL/ACRF ANL's Advanced Computing Research FacilityAnn annualANNEX I Countries committed to a quantified CO2 target (OECD, EU, Central and Eastern European countries)ANNEX II OECD countries and EUANSI American National Standards InstituteANSTO Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (Menai, New South Wales)ANT Antarctica (START)ANTARES Antarctic research (France) (JGOFS)ANTARFIX Antarctic fixed station (France) (JGOFS and WOCE)ANU Australian National University (Canberra, Australia)AO announcement of opportunityAO atmosphere-oceanAOD aerosol optical depthAODC acridine orange direct countAOGCM Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation ModelAOIPS Atmospheric and Oceanographic Information Processing SystemAOL Airborne Oceanographic LidarAOML Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Miami, Florida) (ERL)AOSB Arctic Ocean Sciences BoardAOSIS Association of Small Island StatesAOVP Arctic Ocean Variability Project (ACSYSACSYS)AP Annual ProductionAPA Adirondack Park AgencyAPA alkaline phosphatase activityAPAFO Advanced Particles and Fields ObserverAPAR absorbed photosynthetically active radiationAPARE East Asian-North Pacific Regional Experiment (IGAC)APC Apparent consumptionAPCA Air Pollution Control Association (Pittsburgh)APDA Arctic Precipitation Data Archive (ACSYS)APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation OrganizationAPHA American Public Health AssociationAPI American Petroleum InstituteAPMP Acid Precipitation Mitigation Program (NAPAP)APN Asia-Pacific Network (for Global Change Research) (START)APSRS Aerial Photo Summary Records SystemAPT automatic picture transmissionAQA American Quaternary AssociationAr ArgonARA atmospheric radiation analysisARAC Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (program)ARC Ames Research CenterARC Antarctic Research CenterARC/INFO GIS softwareARCS Atmospheric Radiation and Cloud StationARCSS Arctic System Science (program)ARDB Arctic Runoff Database (ACSYS)ARGOS Argos Data Collection and Position Location System (CNES and NOAA)ARINC Aeronautical Radio, Inc.ARINC Aeronautical Research, Inc.ARISTOTELES Applications and Research Involving Space Technologies Observing the Earth's Field from a Low Earth Orbiting SatelliteARL Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, Maryland (NOAA)ARL Australian Radiation Laboratory (Melbourne, Victoria)ARM Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (DOE program)ARMA Autoregressive moving-averageARMSAT Atmospheric Radiation Measurement SatelliteARPA Advanced Research Project AgencyARRCC Analysis of Rapid and Recent Climate Change (project)ARS Agricultural Research Service (USDA)ARSMC ASEAN Regional Specialized Meteorological CentreART Arctica (START)ARTEMIS Advanced Relay and Technology Mission Satellite (ESA)ARTEP Ariane Technology Experiment Platform (European)ARW Advanced Research WorkshopAS Anti-Spoofing on GPS TransmissionsAS Area of SavannaASA American Statistical AssociationASA Antarctic Support AssociationASA Atmosphere Spectroscopy ApplicationsASB Area of Savanna Burned annuallyASAP Automated Shipboard Aerological ProgrammeASAR Advanced Synthetic Aperture RadarASAS Advanced Solid State Array SensorASASP Active Scattering Aerosol Spectrometer ProbeASB Association of Southeastern BiologistsASCAT advanced scatterometerASCATT advanced scatterometerASCE American Society of Civil EngineersASCEND Agenda of Science for Environment and Development into the 21st CenturyASChE American Society of Chemical EngineersASCII American Standard Code for Information InterchangeASCOT Atmospheric Studies in Complex Terrain (program)ASCS Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation ServiceASDAR Aircraft-to-Satellite Data RelayASE Air Sea ExperimentASEAMS Association of Southeast Asian Marine ScientistsASEAN Association of Southeast Asian NationsASF Alaska SAR FacilityASF Atmospheric Stablization FrameworkASHOE Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone ExperimentASI Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (Italian Space Agency)ASK Assisted Search for KnowledgeASL above sea levelASL atmospheric surface layerASLO American Society of Limnology and OceanographyASM Applied Simulation and Modelling (IASTED)ASME American Society of Mechanical EngineersASOEN ASEAN Senior Officials on the EnvironmentASOS Automated Surface Observing SystemASPP American Society of Plant PhysiologistsASPRS American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote SensingASR aerosol solar radiationASSAS Advanced Solid State Array Sensor ASTER Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection (radiometer)ASTER Atmosphere-Surface Turbulent Exchange Research (formerly ITIR)ASTEX Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition ExperimentASTM American Society for Testing and Materials (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)ASU Air Separation UnitATES Alcatel Espace SystemsATDD Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division (formerly ATDL) (NOAA)ATDL Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Laboratory (now ATDD)ATF atmospheric transmission factorAtlantis Research vessel (U.S.)ATLAS Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and ScienceATLAS Airborne Turnable Laser Absorption SpectrometerATLID atmospheric lidaratm atmosphereATM Atmospheric Transport ModelATMOS Atmospheric Trace Molecules Observed by SpectroscopyATOVS Advanced TOVSATP adenosine triphosphateATPEX ARM Tropical Pacific ExperimentATS Advanced Technology SatelliteATS Antarctic Treaty SystemATS applications technology satelliteATS Advanced Turbine SystemsATSR along-track scanning radiometerAURIO Auroral Imaging ObservatoryAV acoustic velocity (geophysical logging)AVCS Advanced Vidicon Camera SystemAVD acoustic variable density (geophysical logging)AVHRR advanced very high resolution radiometer (NOAA)AVHRR GAC AVHRR Global Area CoverageAVHRR LAC AVHRR Local Area CoverageAVIRIS airborne visible and infrared imaging spectrometerAVISCO French group for Analysis, Validation, and Investigation of Satellite OceanographyAVNIR advanced visible and near-infrared radiometeravtur aviation gas turbine fuelAWDB Adirondack Watershed Data BaseAWIPS-90 Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System for the 90sAWRA American Water Resources AssociationAWIS Association for Women in ScienceAWWA American Water Works Association (Denver)AXCTD autonomous expendable CTD profilerBb/w black and whiteB%T Animal population ratio living in temperate climate regionBaA benz[a]anthraceneBAAS British Association for the Advancement of ScienceBAHC Biospheric Aspects of the Hydrological Cycle (program) (IGBP)BAHC-SSC BAHC Scientific Steering CommitteeBALTEX Baltic Sea ExperimentBAO Boulder Atmospheric ObservatoryBaP benzo[a]pyreneBaPDE chemically reactive diolepoxidesBAPMoN Background Air Pollution Monitoring Network (WMO)BASC Board on Atmospheric Science and Climate, National Research Council (U.S.)BARA Pressure in AtmosphereBASE Beaufort and Arctic Storms Experiment (Canada)BATAN Reactor and Nuclear Research Facilities, National Atomic Energy AgencyBATERISTA Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfers and Ecological Research in Situ Studies in Amazonia (BAHC and GEWEX)BATGE Biosphere-Atmosphere Trace Gas Exchange (in the tropics) (IGAC)BATS Bermuda Atlantic Time SeriesBATS Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (NCAR)BAU business-as-usualb.a.u. business as usual (scenario)BB Biomass BurnedBBHIR broadband hemispherical in flux radiometerBBHSR broadband hemispherical solar radiometerBBL benthic boundary layerbbl barrels (of oil)BBSR Bermuda Biological Station for ResearchBBSRC Biotechnology and Biological Science Research CouncilBBSS balloon-borne sounding systemBBZ benthic boundary zoneBC black carbonBCC British Coal Corporation (U.K.)BCD Binary Coded DecimalBCF bioconcentration factorBEMS Bioelectromagnetics SocietyBEST Bilan Energetique du Systeme TropicalBet Grimco A-700 processor used for data collectionBF Biomass quantity burned in fieldsBGC biogeochemical cycleBGL British Gas Lurgi (gasifier)BHD designation of an ice core drilled in 1977 at Law Dome, AntarcticaBIA Bureau of Indian Affairs (DOI)BIBEX Biomass Burning Experiment (IGAC)BiE Business in the EnvironmentBIGSTIG biomass integrated gasifier steam-injected gas turbineBIG-TT BAHC-IGAC-GCTE Task TeamBIH Bureau International de l'HeureBIOME global biome modelBIOMOVS Biospheric Model Validation StudyBIOSYNOP Biological Synoptic Ocean PredictionBIOTRANS biological transformations (site at 47°N 20°W)BIOTROP Regional Center for Tropical BiologyBIPM Bureau International de Poids et Mesures BLM Bureau of Land Management (DOI)BLS "Basic Linked System" scenarioBMAP Biological Monitoring and Abatement ProgramBMC Baltic Marine CooperationBMFT Bundes Ministerium fur Forschung und Technologie (Germany)BMG Meteorological and Geophysics AgencyBMRC Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre (Australia)BMWT Biofuels and Municipal Waste Technology (Division) (DOE)BNA Block Numbering AreaBNAP Basic Hydrological Network Assessment ProjectBNL Brookhaven National LaboratoryBNSC British National Space CentreBO CH4 producing potentialBOB Bureau of the BudgetBOC Bureau of Census (DOC)BOD Biochemical Oxygen DemandBODC British Oceanographic Data Centre (Bidston)BOF basic oxygen furnaceBOFS Biogeochemical Ocean Flux Study (U.K.)BOM benthic organic matterBoM Bureau of Meteorology (DASET)BOR Bureau of Reclamation (DOI)BOREAS Boreal Ecosystems Atmosphere Study (BAHC and GEWEX)BORIS BOREAS Information SystemBP before presentBPA Bonneville Power AdministrationBPKM billion passenger kilo metreBPPT Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology (Indonesia)Bq Becquerel (symbol) (SI unit of activity of ionizing radiation source)BRDF bidirectional reflectance distribution functionBrO bromine monoxideBRW Barrow Observatory (Barrow, Alaska) (CMDL)Bs Natural forest biomass burned onsiteBSIP Birban Sahani Institute of PaleobotanyBSRN Baseline Surface Radiation NetworkBTCs breakthrough curves (column-elution tests)Btu British thermal unitBUFR Binary Universal Form for the Representation (of data)BuREC Bureau of Reclamation (now WPR)BUV Backscatter Ultraviolet RadiometerBVE Barotropic vorticity equationBW bulk waterBWTP Basalt Waste Isolation ProjectC13C carbon-13 (carbon isotope with atomic weight of 13)14C carbon-14 (carbon isotope with atomic weight of 14)C carbonC Celsius, centigradeC/A Coarse/Acquisition GPS signal structureC&W Animal population ratio living in warm climate regionC-MACCS Centre for Mathematical Modeling and Computer SimulationC3AT Ch3 Albedo Test (AVHRR)ca. circaCAA Central Arid Asia (START)CAA Clean Air Act (1970)CAAP Composition and Acidity of Southeast Asian PrecipitationCAC Climate Analysis Centre (now CPC) (WMO)CAC Committee on Atmospheric ChemistryCACGP Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (IAMAS)CAD computer-aided design/ drafting/drawingCADD computer-aided design and draftingCAeM Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (WMO)CAF Clean Air FacilityCAgM Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (WMO)Cal/Val calibration/validationCALCOFI California Cooperative Fisheries InvestigationCAM crassulacean acid metabolismCAMS Control and Monitoring SystemCAO cold air outbreakCAP Central Arizona Project (USBR)CAPPI Constant Altitude Plan Position IndicatorCAR Caribbean (START)CARBICE Carbon Dioxide Intercalibration Experiment (IGAC)CARDS climatological aerological reference data setCARS Climate Applications Referral SystemCARS coherent anti-Stokes Raman scatteringCART Cloud and Radiation Testbed (ARM)CAS Chemical Abstract SeriesCAS Chinese Academy of ScienceCAS Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (WMO)CASA Inter-Union Commission on the Application of Science to Agriculture, Forestry, and Aquaculture (ICSU)CASSAD Centre for African Settlement Studies and DevelopmentCAST Chinese Academy of Science and TechnologyCAT computerized axial tomographyCBA cost benefit analysisCBO Congressional Budget Office (U.S.)CBS Commission for Basic Systems (WMO)CC Combined CycleCCAM Chikuko Cha Amayi M'Malawi (Women's NGO)CCAQ Consultative Committee on Administrative QuestionsCCC Canadian Climate CentreCCCN CDIAC Computing System NetworkCCCO Committee on Climate Changes and the Ocean (SCOR and IOC)CCCP California Institute of Technology Concurrent Computation ProjectCCD charge-coupled device (camera)CCDB Carbon content of dead biomassCCDP Climate Change Detection ProjectCCGT Combined Cycle Gas TurbineCCI Commission for Climatology (WMO)CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee (ITU)CCITT International Consultative Committee on Telegraphs and Telecommunications (ITU)CCIW Canadian Centre for Inland WatersCCL Central CO2 Laboratory, SIO (WMO)CCLB Carbon content of living biomassCCM1 community climate model oneCCM2 community climate model two (NCAR)CCM community climate modelCCM0 Community Climate Model (NCAR)CCM2 Community Climate Model (version 2)CCMS Committee on the Challenges of Modern SocietyCCN cloud condensation nucleiCCOP Committee for the Coordination of Joint Prospecting for Mineral Resources in Asian Offshore Areas (Indonesia)CCRS Canada Centre for Remote SensingCCSDS Consultative Committee for Standard Data ServicesCCT computer-compatible tapeCD Chemistry DivisionCD community developmentCD compact discCDAS Climate Data Assimilation SystemCDC Control Data CorporationCDCR conceptual design and cost reviewCDDIS Crustal Dynamics Data Information SystemCDF common data formatCDIAC Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (formerly CDIC) (ORNL/DOE)CDIC Carbon Dioxide Information Center (now CDIAC)CDMS Cryospheric Data Management SystemCDNC Cloud drop number concentrationCDOS Customer Data and Operations SystemCDP Crustal Dynamics Project (NASA)CDRD Carbon Dioxide Research DivisionCD-ROM compact disc-read only memoryCDRP Carbon Dioxide Research ProgramCDW Circumpolar Deep WaterCE Office of Conservation and Renewable EnergyCE Combusion EfficiencyCEA cause-and-effect analysisCEA Central Electricity Authority (India)CEA Council of Economic AdvisorsCEA Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (France)CEAREX Coordinated Eastern Arctic ExperimentCEC cation exchange capacityCEC Commission of European CommunitiesCEDAR Coupled Energetics and Dynamics of the Atmospheric RegionsCEDDA Center for Experiment Design and Data Analysis (NOAA)CEEM Center for Energy and Environmental ManagementCEES Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences (formerly CES; replaced by CENR)CEI Center for Environmental InformationCEM cumulus ensemble modelCEMA Council of Mutual Economic Aid (Russian Federation, formerly U.S.S.R.)CEN European Committee for Standardization (EC)CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (EC)CENR Committee on Environmental and Natural Resources (U.S. NCST)CENTO Central Treaty OrganizationCEOS Committee on Earth Observation SatellitesCEP circular error probabilityCEP Comite Ecumenico de ProyectosCEPAL Comision Economica para America Latina (Spain) (ECLA)CEPAL Economic Commission for Latin America (Spain) (ECLA)CEPEX Central Equatorial Pacific ExperimentCEPT Conference Europeenne des Administration des Postes et Telecommunications (European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations)CEQ Council on Environmental Quality (U.S.)CER carbon dioxide exchange rateCERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (1980) (Superfund)CERES Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (EOS)CERES Crop Environment Resource SynthesisCERGA Centre d'Etudes et de Rechereches Geodynamiques et AstronomiquesCERL Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory (EPA)CERN Chinese Ecological Research NetworkCERN European Laboratory for Particle PhysicsCERN European Organization for Nuclear ResearchCERP Cooperative Ecological Research Project (PRC, Germany, and UNESCO)CERSAT French group for processing ERTS-1 low bit rate data from ocean areasCES Committee on Earth Sciences (now CEES)CETA Carbon Emissions Trajectory AssessmentCETA Comprehensive Education and Training AdministrationCF concentration factorCF Carbon FractionCFAGB Carbon fraction of above ground biomassCFC chlorofluorocarbonCFC chlorinated fluorocarbonCFC-11 CC13F, trichlorofluoromethane, Freon-11CFC-12 CCl2F2, dichlorodifluoromethane, Freon-12CFC-113 CCl2FCClF2, 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethaneCFEM combined fates and effects modelCFF Carbon fraction of fuelCFM ChlorofluoromethaneCFR Code of Federal RegulationsCFRI Central Fuel Research Institute (India)CGBAPS Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution StationCGC Committee on Global ChangeCGC Management and Coordination Advisory CommitteeCGCM coupled atmosphere/ocean general circulation modelCGCP Canadian Global Change ProgramCGED Committee on Geophysical Environmental Data (NAS)CGES Center for Global Environmental StudiesCGMS Coordination of Geostationary Meteorological SatellitesCGMW Commission for the Geological Map of the WorldCGO Cape Grim (Tasmania) (baseline station)CH4 methaneCH4-C Methane-carbon ratioCH3CL methyl chlorideCH3CCl3 methylchloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane)CHAMMP Computer Hardware, Advanced Mathematics, and Model Physics (Climate Modeling Program)CHEMRAWN Chemical Research Applied to World Needs (IUPAC)CHP Combined Heat and PowerCHRIS Chemical Hazard Response Information SystemCH.SS Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS)CHy Commission for Hydrology (WMO)CI Conservation International (Washington, D.C.) (NGO)CIA Central Intelligence AgencyCIAP Climate Impact Assessment ProgramCIAP Inter-American Committee for the Alliance for ProgressCIDA Canadian International Development AgencyCIE Chinese Institute of ElectronicsCIEA Committee on International Environmental ActivitiesCIESIN Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network (U.S.)CIG Commonwealth Industrial Gases (U.K.)CIHEAM Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques MediterraneenesCIL Coal India LimitedCILSS Comite Inter-Etats pour la Lutte Contre la Secheresse au Sahel (CH.SS) (consists of Chad, Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Upper Volta, and Cape Verde Islands)CIMO Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (WMO)CIMSS Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite StudiesCINOF Campaign for Integrated Observations of Solar FlaresCIR color-infrared (film)CIRAC Canadian Institute for Research in Atmospheric ChemistryCIRES Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (University of Colorado, Boulder)CIRT cirrus testCIS CDIAC Information SystemCIS Commonwealth of Independent StatesCISPR International Special Committee on Radio InterferenceCISTI Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical InformationCIT California Institute of TechnologyCITE Chemical Instrumentation Test and EvaluationCIUS Conseil International des Unions Scientifiqes (ICSU)CKE cumulus kinetic energyCLAES cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometerCLARET Cloud Lidar and Radar Exploratory TestCLASS Cross-chain Loran Atmospheric Sounding SystemCLAVR Clouds from AVHRRCLI Climate Change (project)CLIC Climate Inventory and CatalogCLICOM climate computingCLIMAP Climate Long-Range Investigation Mapping and Prediction (project)CLIMAP Climate Applications Project (WMO)CLIVAR Climate Variability and Predictability (WCRP)ClNO3 chlorine nitrateClO chlorine monoxideClO2 chlorine dioxideClONO2 chlorine nitrateClNO3 chlorine nitrateCLP Contract Laboratory Program (EPA)CLRI Central Leather Research Institute (India)CLS Collected Localization Satellites (France)cm centimetercm3 cubic centimeter (milliliter)CMA Cement Manufacturers' Association (U.S.)CMAP Climate Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (program)CMC Canadian Meteorological CentreCMD Coordinator for Multi-lateral Development ProgramCMDL Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (Boulder, Colorado) (NOAA and ERL)CME Community Modelling Effort (U.K.)CMIE Centre for Monitoring the Indian EconomyCMM Commission for Marine Meteorology (WMO)CMP Climate Modelling ProgrammeCMP computer modeling packageCMRS Coal Mines Research StationCMS Configuration Management SystemCN condensation nucleiCNC condensation nucleus counterCNES Centre Nationale d'Etudes Spatiales (French Space Agency)CNET Centre National d'Etudes des Telecommunications (France)CNG compressed natural gasCNR Committee on Natural ResourcesCNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)CNRET Centre for Natural Resources Energy and Transport (UN)CNRS National Scientific Research Center (Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique) (France)CO carbon monoxideCO-C Carbon monoxide carbon trace gas emissionCO2 carbon dioxideCOADS Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data SetCOARE Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA and WCRP)COBIOTECH Scientific Committee for Biotechnology (ICSU)CODATA Committee on Data for Science and Technology (ICSU)CODMAC Committee on Data Management, Archiving, and ComputationCOE U.S. Army Corps of EngineersCOGEOMAP Federal-State Cooperative Geologic MappingCOHMAP Cooperative Holocene Mapping ProjectCo-I co-investigatorCOLA Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere StudiesCOM Communication DepartmentCONA Committee for OWSE-North AmericaCoP Conference of the Parties to the FCCCCOPS continuously operating per fluorocarbon snifferCOPUOS Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN)Corp. Corporation (spell out in text; abbreviate in references, lists tables, footnotes, bibliographies, and indexes)COS Carbonyl sulfideCoSAMC Commission for Special Applications of Meteorology and Climatology (WMO)COSPAR Committee on Space Research (ICSU)COST Committee on Science and Technology (ASEAN)COSTED Committee on Science and Technology in Developing Countries (ICSU)COW Committee on WaterCOWAR Committee on Water Research (ICSU and UATI)COWRR Committee on Water Resources ResearchCPA Centrally Planned AsiaCPC Climate Prediction Center (formerly CAC)CPE Eastern Europe (also called Centrally Planned Europe)CPEs Centrally-planned economiesCPM critical path methodCPMS climatological prediction by model statisticsCPO Core Project Office (IGBP)CPP cloud photopolarimeterCPPC Core Project Planning Committee (IGBP)CPRS cloud-profiling radar systemCPS certified professional secretaryCPU central processing unitCPUE catch per unit effortCRC Climate Research CommitteeCRC cyclic redundancy checkCRD Carbon released from dead biomassCRE Coal Research Establishment of BCC (U.K.)CRE Centro Ricerche Energia, Italy (ENEA)CREN Chemical Research and Environmental NeedsCREO Cryosphere Research on Qingzang PlateauCRESP Coordinated Research and Environmental Surveillance Programme (NEA)CRF cloud radiative forcingCRI Climate Research Institute (Oklahoma State University)CRIC Computerized River Information System (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)CRL Carbon released from living biomassCRM certified reference materialCRP Climate Research ProgramCRPE Centre de Recherches en Physique de l'Environment Terrestre et PlanetariaCRREL Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (COE)CRS cavity-ringdown spectrometerCRT cathode-ray tubeCRU Climatic Research Unit (UEA, Norwich, U.K.)CRYSYS Cryospheric SystemCS Computer Services DepartmentCS Carbon storedCSA Canadian Space AgencyCSA Chinese Society of AstronauticsCSATA Centra Studi e Applicazioni in Tecnologie Avanzate (Italy)CSD Commission on Sustainable DevelopmentCSEC Centre for the Study of Environmental Change (University of Lancaster)CSELI Centra Studi e Laboratori Telecommunicazioni (Italy)CSERGE Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (UEA and University College, London)CSES Center for the Study of Earth from Space (University of Colorado, Boulder)CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (India)CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (South Africa)CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia)CSIRO/DAR CSIRO/Division of Atmospheric Research (Australia)CSM climate system monitoringCSMP Climate System Modeling ProgramCSO Central Statistical OrganizationCSPP Collaborative Special Project and ProgrammeCSR Centra de Sensores Remotes (Italy)CSRS Cooperative State Research ServiceCST CHAMMP Science TeamCSTR Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Research (BASC)CSU Colorado State University (Fort Collins)CTD Chemical Technology Division (ORNL)CTD conductivity, temperature, and depth sensor (instrument)CTD continuous-temperature-depthCTM Chemistry/Transport ModelsCTS Committee on the Teaching of ScienceCTSS Cray time-sharing systemCU University of ColoradoCUF capacity utilization factorcv Calorific ValueC.V. coefficient of variation (math)CVS Conference and Visitors' ServicesCW continuous waveCW "Conventional Wisdom" scenario, World Bank, 1990CWA Clean Water Act (1977)CWR continuous-wave radarCWSF Chemical Waste Storage FacilityCY calendar yearCZCS coastal zone color scannerCZM Coastal Zone ManagementCZMA Coastal Zone Management Act (1972)DD/H deuterium/hydrogen (ratio)1-D one-dimensional2-D two-dimensional3-D three-dimensional4-D four-dimensional4DDA four-dimensional (4D) data assimilation1-D RCM one-dimensional radiative-convective model2-D RCAM two-dimensional radiative-advective-convective equilibrium modelD Deuterium (also abbreviated as 2D or 2H)DAAC Data Active Archive CenterDAAC Distributed Active Archive CenterDAC Data Assembly Centre (WOCE)DADS Data Archive and Distribution SystemDAEDALUS Documenting Aerosol Electromagnetics, Defining Aerosol Lifetimes, and Understanding Sources (Research Stations)DAR Division of Atmospheric Research (CSIRO) (Aspendale, Victoria, Australia)DARA Deutsche Agentur fur Raumfahrtangelegenheiten (Germany)DARE data rescueDARPA U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDAS data-assimilation systemDAS data acquisition systemDAS direct access systemDASA Deutsche Aerospace AdministrationDASET Department of the Arts, Sports, the Environment, Tourism, and Territories (formerly DASETT)DASETT Department of the Arts, Sports, the Environment, Tourism, and Territories (now DASET)DAT Department of Science and TechnologyDB direct-beam (irradiance)DB direct broadcastDBE Deep Basin Experimentdbh diameter at breast heightDBMS data base management systems (Deutsche Forschungs-und Versuchsanstalt fur Luft-und Raumfahrt (Germany)DBS Doppler beam swingingDC United States Department of CommerceDC developing countryDC Dairy cattleD.C. District of ColumbiaDCAR Danish Centre for Atmospheric ResearchDCDS Digital Cartographic Data StandardDCDSTF Digital Cartographic Data Standards Task Force (Composed of members of the NCDCDS and FICCDC/SWG)DCF Discounted Cash FlowDCP data collection platformDCP-OES direct coupled plasma--optical emission spectroscopyDCS data collection systemDCT dedicated carbon taxDD degree dayDDF descriptive data fileDDL direct downlinkDDMP domain-decomposition-message-passingDDRP Direct/Delayed Response ProjectDDT dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (insecticide)DE dynamics explorerDE DecayDE08 designation for an ice core drilled in 1977 at Law Dome, AntarcticaDEBITS Deposition of Biogeochemically Important Trace Species (IGAC)DEC Digital Equipment CorporationDECNet Digital Equipment Corporation NetworkDehydrite magnesium perchlorate anhydrous granulardE/dt rate of evaporation (moisture loss from soil)DEIS Draft Environmental Impact StatementDEM digital elevation modelDEMR Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources (Canada)DEW distant early warningDGCM Dynamic Global Vegetation ModelDGLR Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Luft-und Raumfahrt (Germany)DGVM Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (GAIM)DH chromosome-doubled haploidDHCN Daily Historical Climate NetworkDHHS United States Department of Health and Human ServicesDHS Department of Human ServicesDI DirectorateDIA Denmark's Academy for EngineeringDIAL Differential Absorption LidarDIC dissolved inorganic carbonDICE Dynamic Integrated Climate EconomyDIDAC digital data acquisition systemDIF Data Interchange FormatDIS Data and Information Systems (EOS and IGBP)Discovery Research vessel (U.K.)DISORT discrete ordinate (model)DIS-SC DIS Standing CommitteeDISSPLA Display Integrated Software System and Plotting LanguageDIU Data Information UnitDIW Department of Industrial WorksDKD Deutscher KalibrierdienstDLG digital line graphDLG-E digital line graph-enhancedDLR Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Luft-und Raumfahrt (Germany)DLS dynamic limb sounderDM Data Management (WMO and WWW)DM deep monitoring (wells)DMA Defense Mapping Agency (U.S.)DMA direct memory access (computer term)DMDS dimethyl disulfideDM-MIMD distributed memory, multiple instruction, multiple data (computer)DMS data management systemDMS dimethyl sulfide or dimethylsulphideDMSO dimethyl sulfoxideDMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (U.S.)DNA deoxyribonucleic acidDND Department of National Defense (Canada)DNES Department of Non-conventional Energy Sources (India)DOA United States Department of AgricultureDOAI Department of Agriculture, IndonesiaDOAS differential optical absorption spectroscopyDOC dissolved organic carbonDOC United States Department of CommerceDOD United States Department of DefenseDOD Deutsches Ozeanographisches Datenzentrum (Germany)DOE Department of the Environment (Canada)DOE United States Department of EnergyDOI United States Department of InteriorDOJ United States Department of JusticeDOL United States Department of LaborDOLY Dynamic Global Phytogeography Model (GCTE)DOM dissolved organic macromoleculesDOM dissolved organic matterDOMSAT Domestic Communications SatelliteDOMSTAR communications relay setDOPLID Doppler lidarDORIS Determination d'Orbite et Radio Positionement Integre par Satellite (France)DORIS Doppler Orbit and Radio Positioning Integration by SatelliteDOS Department of SpaceDOS United States Department of StateDOST Department of Science and TechnologyDOT United States Department of TransportationDOY day of yearDP direct playbackDPC display code (CDC)DPC Domestic Policy CouncilDPR development planning review(D)PR dual precipitation radarDPS Digital Photogrammetry SystemDQO Data Quality ObjectivesDRAW Direct Read After Write Animation SystemDRS Data Relay SatelliteDRSS Data Relay Satellite SystemDSB direct sounding broadcastDSDP deep sea drilling projectDSIR Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (now SRC) (U.K.)DSIR Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand)DSM demand-side managementDSN Deep Space NetworkDSP digital signal processingDSRT Deep Sea Reversing ThermometerDSS Data Support Section (NCAR)DST data system testsDST Department of Science and TechnologyDTD digital terrain dataDTH Technical University of DenmarkDTR Diurnal temperature rangeDU Dobson unitsDUNDEE Down Under Doppler and Electricity ExperimentDWBM Office of Defense Waste Byproducts ManagementDWS Doppler wind sensorDYFAMED atmospheric dynamics and fluxes in the Mediterranean Sea (France) (JGOFS)DYN Dynamic Systems ProjectEE/GDP Ratio of energy consumption to gross domestic productE/GNP Ratio of energy consumption to gross national productEADS Environmental Assessment Data SystemEARSeL European Association of Remote Sensing LaboratoriesEAS Environmental Analyses Section (ORNL)EAs Environmental AssessmentsEASIZ Ecology of the Antarctic Sea Ice ZoneEASOE European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone ExperimentEAWEP East Asia and Western PacificEAZO Energy Active Zones of the OceanEBBR Energy-Balance Bowen RatioEBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Data Interchange Code (IBM)EBM energy-balance modelEC eddy correlationEC electron captureEC elemental carbonEC Environment CanadaEC European CommunityEC European Communities or Commission of the European CommunitiesEC executive committeeEC Executive Council (WMO)ECA Economic Commission for Africa (UN)ECAFE Economic Commission for Asia and the Far EastECAMP Environmental Compliance Assessment and Management Program (USAF)ECC electrochemical concentration cellECD effective cutoff diameterECD electron capture detector (GC)ECDIS Electronic Chart Display and Information SystemsECE Economic Commission for Europe (UN)ECG Ecosystem Conservation Group (UNEP, FAO, UNESCO, and IUCN)EC-GC electron capture-gas chromatographECHAM European Centre/Hamburg Model (ECMWF/MPI)ECHIVAL European International Project on Climate and Hydrological Interactions between Vegetation, Atmosphere, and Land Surfaces (BAHC and EPOCH)ECLA Economic Commission for Latin AmericaECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UN)ECLIPS Experimental Cloud Lidar Pilot StudyECMWF European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (U.K.)Ecom. EOS communicationsECN Netherlands Energy Research FoundationECN Environmental Change NetworkECOMARGE ecology of the continental margins (France) (JGOFS)ECOSOC Economic and Social Council (UN)ECOWARM European Committee for Water Resources Management (IAHS)ECS Environmentally Compatible Energy Strategies (project)ECS EOSDIS Core SystemECSL European Centre for Space LawECTF Edinburgh Centre for Tropical ForestsECU Environmental Change Unit (Oxford)ECWA Economic Commission for Western AsiaED Energy DivisionEDA elevation difference accuracyEDAS particulate/radon data systemEDC EROS Data CenterEDD Exchange of Digital DataEDI electronic Data InterchangeEDI Equivalent-damage indexEDIS Environmental Data and Information ServiceEDOS EOS Data and Operations SystemEDP electronic data processingEDS Environmental Data ServiceEDSG Energy Demand Steering GroupEDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetateEDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic (acid)EDX energy-dispersive X-ray (analysis)EDXS energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopyEEC European Economic CommunitiesEEC European Economic CommissionEEFSU Eastern Europe and Former Soviet UnionEEI Edison Electric InstituteEEP east equatorial PacificEER external engineering reviewEEZ Exclusive Economic ZoneEF Emission FactorEFCC Externally Fired Combined CycleEFEDTA European Field Experiment in Decertification Threatened Area (ECHIVAL and BAHC)EFQ Estimated fuel quantity consumed (Used to determine carbon stored)e.g. exempli gratia (for example) use only in parentheses or footnotes, followed by a comma)EGCM Eddy-resolving General Circulation ModelEGE Enhanced Greenhouse EffectEG&G Edgerton, Germeshauser, and GreerEGS European Geophysical SocietyEIA Energy Information Administration (DOE)EIPO European IGAC Project Office Steering CommitteeEIS environmental impact statementEISCAT European Incoherent Scatter FacilityEISMV Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et de Medecine Veterinaire (Dakar)EJ exajoule (1018 joules)E-LIDAR experimental lidarELS Eastern Lake SurveyELV expendable launch vehicleEM electromagneticEMAP Environmental Monitoring and Assessment ProgramEMEP Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of Long-Range Transmission of Air Pollutants in EuropeEMEP-CCC EMEP-Chemical Coordination CentreEMEX Equatorial Mesoscale ExperimentEMF Energy Modelling ForumEML Environmental Measurements Laboratory (DOE)EMOC EOSDIS Mission Operations CenterEMR electromagnetic radiationEMSL Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory (EPA)EMSL-LV Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory - Las Vegas (Nevada) (EPA)En Natural forest biomass used for energyENEA Energia Nucleare e delle Energie Alternative (Italy)ENEA Italian National Agency for New technology, Energy and the EnvironmentENRIC Environment and Natural Resources Information CenterENRICH European Network for Research on Global Change (CEC)ENSO El Nino/Southern Oscillation (coupled oceanic-atmospheric change)ENVISAT environmental satelliteEOC Earth Observation Center (NASDA)EOC EOS Operations Center (NASA)EOCAP Earth Observation Commercialization Application ProgramEODC Earth Observing Data Center (U.K.)EOF empirical orthogonal functionEO-ICWG Earth Observations International Coordination Working GroupEOPM electro-optic phase modulationEORCU European Ozone Research Coordinating UnitEOS Earth Observing System (U.S.)EOS-AERO EOS Aerosol MissionEOS-ALT EOS Altimetry MissionEOS-AM EOS Morning Crossing (ascending) Mission or Earth Observing System (morning pass)EOSAT Earth Observation Satellite (commercial operator for satellite systems in the U.S.)EOS-CHEM EOS Chemistry MissionEOSC Earth Observations Science Committee (of ESA)EOSDIS EOS Data and Information SystemEOSP Earth Observing Scanning PolarimeterEOS PM Earth Observing System (afternoon pass) or EOS Afternoon Crossing (descending) MissionEOTC European Organization for Testing and Certification (EC)EP Earth ProbeEP extraction procedure (RCRA and EPA)EPA Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.)EPA Environmental Protection Authority (Victoria, Australia) EPC Environmental Protection Committee (Bahrain)EPD European Pollen DatabaseEPER Environmental Processes and Effects Research (program)EPI environmental productivity indexEPICA European Programme for Ice Coring in Antarctica (PAGES)EPO EOS Project OfficeEPOCH European Programme on Climate and Hazards (EEC)EPOP European Polar-Orbiting PlatformEPOPE Etude de Processes dans l'Ocean Pacifique EquatorialEPRI Electric Power Research Institute (Palo Alto, California)EPSRC Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEQPAC Equatorial Pacific (JGOFS)ER Office of Energy ResearchER-2 Extended Range U-2 (aircraft)ERB Earth Radiation BudgetERBE Earth Radiation Budget ExperimentERBES Earth Radiation Budget Explorer SatelliteERBS Earth Radiation Budget SatelliteERD Ecological Research Division (DOE and OHER)ERDA U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration (formerly AEC; now DOE)ERDAS Earth Resources Data Analysis SystemsERFEN Estudio Regional del Fenomeno El NinoERFU Environmental Restoration and Facilities Upgrade ProgramERIM Environmental Research Institute of MichiganERL Environmental Research Laboratory (Boulder, Colorado) (NOAA)ERNets Energy Research NetworksERNI wet-only rainfall collectorEROC Ecological Rates of Change (NSF)EROS Earth Resources Observation SatelliteEROS Earth Resources Observation SystemEROS European River Ocean System (EEC)ERP Environmental Research ParksERS Economic Research ServiceERS Earth Resources (or remote sensing) SatelliteERS ESA Remote Sensing SatelliteERS European Remote-Sensing SatelliteERS-1 European Remote-Sensing Satellite-1ERS-2 European Remote-Sensing Satellite-2ERTS Earth Resources Technology Satellite (now Landsat)ERTS-1 Earth Resources Technology Satellite-1ESA Ecological Society of AmericaESA Endangered Species Act (1973)ESA Entomological Society of AmericaESA Equatorial South America (START)ESA European Space AgencyESA/IRS European Space Agency/Information Retrieval ServiceESAD Earth Science and Applications Division (NASA HQ)ESAER European Space Agency's Earth Resources (Satellite)ESAM Institute for Environmental Science and ManagementESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN)ESD Environmental Sciences Division (ORNL)ESDIS Earth Science Data and Information SystemESF European Science FoundationESF/EPC ESF/European Palaeoclimate and Man Project (holocene climate)ESMAP Energy Sector Management Assistance ProgrammeESMR electronically (electrically) scanning microwave radiometerESOC European Space Operations CenterESRC Environmental Science Research CenterESRC Economic and Social Research CouncilESRI Environmental Systems Research InstituteESSA U.S. Environmental Science Services Agency (forerunner of NOAA)ESSC Earth System Sciences CommitteeESTAR electronically scanned thinned array radiometer (ARM)ESTEC European Space Research and Technology CentreESTEC European Space Technology Centre (Netherlands)ET evapotranpirationETA estimated time of arrivalETAC Environmental Technical Applications Center (U.S. Air Force)ETAP Expanded Technical Assistance ProgramETC Energy Technology CenterETC European Telecommunications Standards Institute (EC)etc. and others especially of the same kind; and so forthETF Engineered Test FacilityETF Environmental Task ForceETI Economic Transition and Integration (project)ETM enhanced thematic mapper (Landsat)ETRP Education and Training Programme (WMO)ETSA electron transport system activityETV electrothermal vaporizerEU Agri-residue utilized for energy supplyEU European UnionEUMELI eutrophic, mesotrophic, and oligotrophic sites (France) (JGOFS)EUMETSAT European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological SatellitesEUR Bureau of European AffairsEURECA European Retrievable CarrierEUROSTART European Planning Committee for STARTEUROTRAC European Experiment on Transport and Transformation of Environmentally Relevant Trace Constituents (in the Troposphere over Europe)EUV extreme ultravioletEVA extra vehicular activityEXCOMM Executive CommitteeEZE Asociacion Protestante de Cooperacion para el Desarrollo en AlemaniaF%FCO Fraction of carbon oxidizedf FractionFAA Federal Aviation Administration (U.S.)FAB Finance and BudgetFAB Fraction actually burnedFABF Fraction of agri-residue burned in fieldsFACE free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (GCTE)FAD Fraction actually degradesFAGS Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Services (ICSU)FAI Fertilizer Association of IndiaFANGIO Feedback Analysis for GCM Intercomparison and ObservationsFAO Food and Agriculture Organization (UN) (ICSU)FAP Food and Agriculture ProjectFAPIS Formation en Amenagement Pastoral Integre au SahelFAQ Frequently Asked QuestionFAR Federal Acquisition RegulationsFARS Facility for Atmospheric Remove SensingFASINEX Frontal Air-Sea Interaction ExperimentFAST Fourier amplitude-sensitivity testFATE Formation of Aerosol and their Transformation over Europe (EUROTRAC)FB Fraction burned annuallyFBS Frontal Boundary StudyFBC Fluidized Bed CombustorFC Fuel ConsumptionFCC Federal Communications CommissionFCCC Framework Convention on Climate ChangeFCCSET Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering, and Technology (now NSTC)FCDS Fleet Consolidated Data Set (U.S. Navy)FCST Federal Council for Science and TechnologyFD Fraction that is deadFDA facility disposal areaFDH Fixed Dynamical HeatingFDI field data investorFDM finite difference methodFDOC Fraction of degradable organic carbonFE Fossil Energy Program (DOE)Fe ironFEA Far EastFEDC Fusion Energy Design CenterFEDMAP Federal Geologic Mapping ProjectFEIS final environmental impact statementFeLINE Iron as a Limiting-Nutrient Experiment (CSIRO)FEM finite element methodFEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency (U.S.)FEMA Finite Element Model of Material Transport through AquifersFERC Federal Energy Regulatory CommissionFEWA Finite Element of Water Flow through AquifersFF free formatFFES Fossil Free Energy SystemFFO Fraction of oxidizedFFT fast Fourier transformationFGCC Federal Geodetic Control Committee (U.S. National Ocean Service)FGD Flue Gas DesulphurisationFGDC Federal Geographic Data CommissionFGEF Federal Geographic Exchange FormatFGGE First GARP Global Experiment (WMO)FGGE SOP FGGE Special Observing PeriodFICCDC Federal Interagency Coordinating Committee on Digital Cartography (USGS)FICCDC/SWG FICCDC/Standards Working Group (U.S.)FID flame ionization detector (GC)FIELD Foundation for International Environmental Law and DevelopmentFIFE First ISLSCP Field ExperimentFIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide ActFIN Fish Information Network (data base)FIPS Federal Information Processing StandardFIRE First ISCCP Regional ExperimentFIREIFO First ISCCP Regional ExperimentFIRESCAN Fire Research Campaign Asia-NorthFIT Field Investigation Team (EPA)FIZ FachinformationszentrumFL Fraction that liveFLAIR Measurement of Micronutrient Absorption and StatusFLINN Fiducial Laboratories for an International Natural Sciences NetworkFLM federal land manager (e.g., National Park Service)FLUPAC flux dans l'ouest du Pacifique equatorial (France) (JGOFS)FMFR four-minus-five restoralFMFT four-minus-five testFNOC Fleet Numerical Oceanographic Center (U.S. Navy)FNWC Fleet Numerical Weather Center (U.S. Navy)FO furnace oilFOAM Fates of Aromatic ModelFOLD federally owned Landsat dataFOR Forestry Resources (project)FORAST Forest Response to Anthropogenic Stress (model)FORET Forest of East Tennessee (model)FORTE fast on-orbit recording of transient eventsFORTRAN FORmula TRANslation (a computer language)FOT flight operations teamFOT Fourier Optical TransformFOV field-of-view (of vision)FPD flame photometric detectorFR Federal Register (use with numbers in text; use "Fed. Regis." in reference lists)Fr Quantity of biomass cleared annually from natural forestsFr Fraction of liquid waste treated anaerobically (In methane emissions from municipal liquid waste)FRAM Fine Resolution Antarctic Model (U.K.)FRG Federal Republic of Germany (now Germany)FRI Forest Research InstituteFRLAB Front Range Lidar, Aircraft, and Balloon (experiment)FRONTAL frontal process studies (France) (JGOFS)FRR fast repetition rateFRRPA Forest and Rangeland Renewable Planning Act (1974)FS Forest Service (USDA)FSI Forest Survey of IndiaFSL Forecast Systems Laboratory (ERL and NOAA)FSSP forward scattering spectrometer probeFST field support terminalFSU Florida State University (Tallahasee)FT Free troposphereFTIR Fourier transform infraredFTIR Fourier transform infrared radiometer (spectroscopy)FTP file transfer protocolFTP/A field task proposal/agreementFTS Fournier transform spectrometerFTS full turbulence simulationFTS file transfer systemFTU Formazin turbidity unitFUA Fuel Use ActFW filter wheelFWCA Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (1958)FWM food web modelFWP Field Work ProposalFWPCA Federal Water Pollution Control Act (1972)FWS United States Fish and Wildlife ServiceFWWTA Fraction of waste water treated anaerobicallyFY fiscal yearGG-1 Gulfstream-1 (airplane)G-7 Group of Seven (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States g gramGA geographic analysisGAC global area coverageGAGE Global Atmospheric Gases ExperimentGAIM Global Analysis, Interpretation, and Modelling (IGBP)GH Gas HeaterGALE Genesis of Atlantic Lows ExperimentGAME GEWEX-related Asian Monsoon ExperimentGAMETAG Global Atmospheric Measurements Experiment of Tropospheric Aerosols and GasesGARP Global Atmospheric Research Program (WMO, ICSU, and NOAA)GATE GARP Atlantic Tropical ExperimentGATE Global Atmosphere Tropical ExperimentGATT General Agreement on Tariffs and TradeGAW Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO)GBF/DIME Geographic Base Files/Dual Independent Map Encoding (U.S. Census Bureau)Gbps gigabits per secondGBSRN Global Baseline Surface Radiation NetworkGC gas chromatography (chromatograph)GCC global change categoryGCCD Global Climate Change Digest (CEI)GCDB Geographic Coordinates Data BaseGCDIS Global Change Data and Information SystemGCEP Global Change Education ProgramGCHC Gulf Coast Hydroscience Center (USGS)GCIP GEWEX Continental-Scale International ProjectGCM General (global) Circulation ModelGCM Global Climate ModelGC/MS gas chromatography/mass spectrometryGCO Generation Certification Official (waste generation)GCOS Global Climate Observing System (WMO, IOC, UNEP, and ICSU)GCP Ground Control PointGCPI Cape Grim Photochemical Intensive (CSIRO)GCRIO Global Change Research Information OfficeGCRP Global Change Research ProgramGCSS GEWEX Cloud System StudyGCSS Global Cloud Systems StudyGCTE Global Change in Terrestrial Ecosystems (program) (IGBP)GCTE-SSC GCTE Scientific Steering CommitteeGCTM Global Chemical Transport ModelGCV gross calorific valueGDAAC Goddard Distributed Active Archive CenterGDAS Grimco data acquisition systemGDC Global Data CentreGDP gross domestic productGDPS Global Data-Processing System (WMO and WWW)GDSIDB Global Digital Sea-Ice Data Bank (WMO/CMM)GDR Geophysical Data RecordGDR German Democratic Republic (now Germany)GE General ElectricGEBA Global Energy Balance ArchiveGEC global environment changeGEDEX Greenhouse Effect Detection ExperimentGEF Global Environment Facility (WB, UNDP, and UNEP)GEF Global Environmental FundGEIA Global Emissions Inventory Activity (IGAC)GEISA Gestion et d'Etude des Information Spectroscopiques AtmospheriquesGEM Geospace Environment ModelingGEM-HEX Geochemical, Microbiological, and Hydrological ExperimentGEMS Global Environmental Monitoring System (UNEP)GENESIS Global Environmental and Ecological Simulation of Interactive SystemsGENIE Global Environmental Network for Information ExchangeGENLEAF generic models of leaf responseGEO Geostationary Earth ObservationGEOM geographically detailed modelGEOS Geodynamics Experimental Ocean SatelliteGeos-3 Geodetic Satellite Mission (NASA)Geosat Geologic Satellite (program) (USN)Geosat Geodesy satellite (USN)GEOSECS Geochemical Ocean Sections StudyGER Global Environmental Research (U.K.)GERG Global Environment Research GroupGESAMP Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine PollutionGEWEX Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (WCRP)GF3 General Format No. 3GFDL Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (NOAA)GFDL Goddard Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryGFLOPS one gigaflop equals 1 billion (109) floating point operations per second (measure of computer processing capability)GFO Geosat follow-onGGI GPS geoscience instrumentGGI greenhouse-gas indicesGGS global geospace scienceGHCN Global Historical Climatology NetworkGHG greenhouse gas(es)GHz gigahertzGIF Graphical Interchange FormatGIM Global Integration and Modeling (IGAC)GIMMS Global Inventory Modeling and Monitoring StudyGIS geographic information system (a system for management, manipulation, analysis, and display of spatial data)GISMO graphic-information-system modelingGISP Greenland Ice Sheet Project (NSF and PAGES)GISP2 Greenland Ice Sheet ProjectGISP II Second Greenland Ice Sheet Project (U.S.)GISS Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA) GIT gastrointestinal tractGIT Georgia Institute of Technology (Atlanta)GJ giga (109) jouleGL Geophysics LaboratoryGLAS Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (formerly GLRS-A)GLAS Goddard Laboratory of Atmospheric SciencesGLBC Great Lakes Basin CommissionGLI global imagerGLIS Global Land Information SystemGLL GalileoGLOBE Global Land One kilometer Base Elevation (DIS)GLOBE Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the EnvironmentGLOBEC Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (SCOR)GLOBEC Global Marine Ecosystem Dynamics (program)GLOCARB Global Tropospheric Carbon Dioxide Network (IGAC)GLOCHANT Global Change Research in the Antarctic (SCAR)GLOCHEM Global Atmospheric Chemical Survey (IGAC)GloED Global Emissions DatabaseGLONET Global Tropospheric Ozone Network (IGAC)GLOSS Global Sea-Level Observing System (IOC)GLRC Great Lakes Research Center (LSC and NOAA)GLRD Great Lakes Research DivisionGLRS Geoscience Laser Ranging SystemGLRS-A Geoscience Laser Ranging System-Altimeter (now GLAS)GLRS-R Geoscience Laser Ranging System-RangerGMCC Geophysical Monitoring for Climate Change (now CMDL)GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (IMO)GMP genetically modified plantsGMS Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (Japan)GMSC Geologic Map Standards Committee (USGS)GMT Greenwich Mean TimeGNIS Geographic Names Information System (USGS)GNP Gross National ProductGNO Gross Product OriginatingGO3OS Global Ozone Observing System (WMO)GOALS Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (program)GOED Global Oceans Ecosystems DynamicsGOES Geostationary Operational Environmental SatelliteGOES Geosynchronous Operational Environmental SatelliteGOES Global Oceans Ecosystems DynamicsGOES Global Omnibus Environmental Survey (HDGEC)GOEZS Global Ocean Euphotic Zone Study (IGBP, SCOR, and WCRP)GOF Global Ocean FluxGOFS Global Ocean Flux StudyGOI government of IndiaGOIN Global Observation Information NetworkGOME Global Ozone Monitoring ExperimentGOMI Global Ozone Monitoring InstrumentGOMOS Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of StarsGOMR global ozone monitoring radiometerGONG Global Oscillation Network GroupGOOS Global Ocean Observing System (IOC, UNESCO, WMO, and ICSU)GOOS Global Ozone Observing System (IOC, UNESCO, WMO, and ICSU)GOP Geographical Observatories ProgrammeGOS Global Observing System (WMO and WWW)GOS :Geomagnetic Observing SystemGPC Global Processing CenterGPCC Global Precipitation Climatology Center (data base)GPCP Global Precipitation Climatology ProjectGPI GOES Precipitation IndexGPO Government Printing Office (U.S.)GPS Global Positioning SystemGPSDR Global Positioning System Demonstration ReceiverGR growth rateGRADO CNES Gravity Satellite (France)GRASS Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)GRDC Global Runoff Data CentreGRECA Group of Experts on Accident Consequences (NEA and OECD)GREENS Global Redevelopment with Energy Environment SustainabilityGREENTIE Greenhouse Gas Technology Information ExchangeGRGS Groupe de Recherches de Geodesic Spatiale (France)GRID Global Resource Information Database (UNEP)GRIP Greenland Icecore Project (PAGES) (Europe)GRIMCO CGBAPS computing systemGRM NASA Gravity Satellite (U.S.)GRO Gamma Ray Observatory (NASA)GSA General Services AdministrationGSA Geological Society of AmericaGS&M Modeling (task team)GSC Geological Survey of Canada (DEMR)GSF Gesellschaft fur Strahlen und Umweltforschung mbH Munchen (Germany)GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA)GSL Gulf Stream LocaleGSMNP Great Smoky Mountains National ParkGSN Global Seismic NetworkGSP Greenland Sea ProjectGSPDC Geostationary Satellite Precipitation Data CentreGSRN Global Surface Radiation NetworkGt gigaton (1,000 million tons)GtC gigatons (or gigatonnes) of carbonGTCC Gas Turbine Combined CycleGTCE Global Tropospheric Chemistry ExperimentGTE Global Tropospheric ExperimentGTOS Global Terrestrial Observing SystemGTS Global Telecommunications System (WMO and WWW)GUI graphical user interfaceGVap GEWEX Water Vapor Project ("GvaP"is preferred)GVaP GEWEX Water Vapor Project (preferred over "GVap")GW GigawattGWE Global Weather ExperimentGWh giga watt hourGWP greenhouse (global) warming potentialHH-1211 Halon 1211; CBrClF2H-1301 Halon 1301; CBrF3H2 hydrogenH2O waterH2O2 hydrogen peroxideha hectareHAAP high-altitude aerial photographHAE height above ellipsoidHAGE human activity and global environmentHALOE Halogen Occultation ExperimentHALSS high-altitude lidar sensing stationHAMOCC Hamburg Ocean Carbon Cycle ModelHAO High Altitude Observatory (NCAR)HAP hazardous air pollutantHAPEX Hydrological-Atmospheric Pilot Experiment (GEWEX)HAPEX-MOBILHY HAPEX-MOdelisation du BILan HydriqueHARM Hazard Assessment Rating MethodologyHASL Health and Safety LaboratoryHASP High Altitude Sampling ProgramHBJ Hazira-Bijapur-Jagdishpur (India)HBL Hudson Bay LowlandHBr hydrogen bromideHBW half band-widthHCBP hexachlorobiphenolHCCD Historical Canadian Climate DatabaseHCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbonHCFC-141b hydrochlorofluorocarbon-141b (CH3CCl2F)HCFC-142b hydrochloroflourocarbon-142b (CH3CClF2)HCFC-22 hydrochloroflourocarbon-22 (CHClF2, chlorodifluoromethane)HCHO formaldehyde (also written as CH2O)HCl hydrogen chlorideHCMM Heat-Capacity Mapping MissionHCMM/AEM-1 HCMM/Applications Explorer Mission-1HCMR heat-capacity mapping radiometerHCN Historical Climatology NetworkHCN hydrogen cyanideHCND Historical Climatology Network-DailyHD hierarchical diagnosisHDF hierarchical data formatHDGCB Human Dimensions of Global Change (programme) (UNU, ISSC, and IFIAS)HDGEC Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change (programme) (ISSC)HDP Human Dimensions Program (SEDAC)HDP Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change Program (ISSC)HDRL High-Dose Reference LaboratoryHDTV High-Definition TelevisionHEC Hydro-Electric Commission (Tasmania)HECP Herbaceous Energy Crops ProgramHEIFE Heihe River Field ExperimentHELCOM Helsinki CommissionHEM Harmonizations of Environmental Measurement (program)HESS High Latitude Ecosystems as Sources and Sinks of Trace Gases (IGAC)HEW Health, Education, and WelfareHF hydrogen fluorideHFC hydrofluorocarbonHGCC Hot Gas Clean UpHHMS Hydrostatic Head Monitoring StationHHS Department of Health and Human ServicesHHV Higher Heating Value (thermal efficiency basis)HI human interactionsHIC Habitat International CoalitionHILDA high-latitude diffusive-advective modelHIMSS high-resolution microwave spectrometer sounder (now MIMR)HIRDLS high-resolution dynamics limb sounderHIRIS high-resolution imaging spectrometerHIRS high-resolution infrared radiation sounderHIS high-resolution interferometer sounderHIS high-spectral resolution interferometer sounderHITRAN High Resolution Transmission Molecular Absorption DatabaseHLQ holocellulose/lignocellulose quotientHLW high-level wasteHMCRI Hazardous Materials Control Research InstituteHMMR high-resolution multifrequency microwave radiometerHMSU high-resolution microwave sounding unitHMTA Hazardous Materials Transportation ActHMW high molecular weightHNO3 nitric acidHNRC HOMS National Reference CentreHOC hydrophobic organic compoundsHOCl hypochlorous acidHOMS Hydrological Operational Multipurpose Subprogramme (OHP and WMO)HOT Hawaii ocean time (series)HOx odd hydrogen (OH and H2O2)HP health physicistHP health physicsHP Hewlett-Packard (gas chromatograph manufacturer) HP High PressureHPCC High Performance Computing and CommunicationsHPCRC High Performance Computing Research Center (ORNL)HPD Hydrometeorological Processes DivisionHPLC high-precision liquid chromatographyHPLC high-pressure liquid chromatograph/chromatographyHPS Health Physics Society (Bethesda, Maryland)HQ headquartersHRDI high-resolution Doppler imagerHRE Homogeneous Reactor Experiment (impoundment)HRIRS high-resolution infrared radiation sounderHROI high-resolution optical instrumentHRPT high-resolution picture transmission (AVHRR)HRS Hazard Ranking System (EPA)HRSG Heat Recovery Steam GeneratorHRV high resolution video (SPOT)HRV high resolution visibleHSA Historic Sites Act (1935)HSL Hazardous Substance List (EPA)HSRL High Spectral Resolution LidarHSRP High Speed Research ProgramHST Hawaii standard timeHST Hubble Space TelescopeHSWA Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (1984)html hypertext markup languagehttp hypertext transport protocolHTW High Temperature Winkler gasifierHUD Department of Housing and Urban Development (U.S.)HUMICAP Humidity sensor on drifters (FASINEX)HVI high-volume impactorHVS high-volume samplerHWRP Hydrology and Water Resources Programme (WMO)HYNET Intercomparison of Operational Hydrological Network Design TechniquesHz hertz (cycles per second)I3I improved initialization inversionIAA International Academy of AstronauticsIABO International Association of Biological Oceanography (ICSU)IABP International Arctic Buoy ProgrammeIAC International Activities CommitteeIACG Interagency Committee on Geomatics (DEMR)IACGEC Inter-Agency Committee on Global Environmental ChangeIAEA International Atomic Energy Agency (UN)IAEG International Association for Engineering GeologyIAF International Astronautical FederationIAG International Association of Geodesy (IUGG)IAGA International Association of Geomagnetism and Agronomy (IUGG)IAGC International Association of Geochemistry and CosmochemistryIAH International Association of Hydrogeologists (IUGS)IAHR International Association for Hydraulic ResearchIAHS International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IUGG)IAI Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (START)IAL International Association of Theoretical Applied LimnologistsIAMAP International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics (IUGG)IAMAP-IAHS IAMAP-International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IUGG)IAMAS International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IUGG and ICSU)IAOPA International Aircraft Owners and Pilots AssociationIAP Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsIAPSO International Association for Physical Sciences of the Ocean (IUGG and ICSU)IAR Institute for Atmospheric Radioactivity (Feiberg, Germany)IAS Image Analysis SystemIASC International Arctic Sciences CommitteeIASI infrared atmospheric sounding instrumentIASI improved atmospheric sounding interferometerIASI infrared atmospheric sounding interferometerIASPEI International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (IUGG)IASTED International Association of Science and Technology for DevelopmentIATA International Air Transport AssociationIATUL International Association of Technological University LibrariesIAU International Astronomical UnionIAVCEI International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IUGG)IAWPRC International Association on Water Pollution Research and ControlIBM International Business Machines (Corp.)IBM PC International Business Machines Personal ComputerIBP International Biological Programme (ICSU)IBP International Biophysical ProgramIBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentIBSRAM International Board for Soil Research and ManagementIBSS Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas (Russian Federation; formerly U.S.S.R.)IBWC International Boundary and Water Commission (Independent; U.S. and Mexico)IC industrialized countryIC interaction coefficientIC Intergovernmental CouncilIC ion chromatographyICA International Communication AgencyICACGP International Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (IAMAS)ICALPE International Centre for Alpine Environments (Chambery, France)ICAO International Civil Aviation OrganizationICAR Indian Council of Agricultural ResearchICAR International Center for Action ResearchICARDA International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry AreasICARUS Interagency Climate-Aerosol Radiative Uncertainties and Sensitivities (Program)ICAS International Council of the Aeronautical SciencesICASVR International Committee on Atmosphere-Soil-Vegetation Relations (IAHS)ICC Instrument Control CenterICCE International Commission on Continental Erosion (IAHS)ICDB Ice Core Data BankICE International Cirrus ExperimentICE International Cometary ExplorerICEAR International Centre for Equatorial Atmospheric Research (Indonesia)ICES International Council for the Exploration of the SeasICF Instrument Control FacilityICGW International Commission on Ground Water (IAHS)ICIC Intercalibrations-Intercomparisons (IGAC)ICICI Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of IndiaICID International Commission on Irrigation and DrainageICIMOD International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development for the Hindu-Kush Himalayan Region (Katmandu, Nepal)ICIP International Conference on Image ProcessingICL integrated cloud liquidICL International-Union Commission on the Lithosphere (ICSU)ICLD International Commission on Large DamsICN ice condensation nucleiICOLD International Commission on Large DamsICP inductively coupled plasma emission (spectroscopy)ICP/MS inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometryICP-OES inductively coupled plasma--optical emission spectroscopyICPP Idaho Chemical Processing PlantICRAF International Council for Research in AgroforestryICRCCM Intercomparison of Radiation Codes in Climate Models (program)ICRM International Committee on Radionuclide MeteorologyICRP International Commission on Radiological ProtectionICRSDT International Committee on Remote Sensing and Data Transmission (IAHS)ICRU International Commission on Radiological UnitsICSC International Civil Service CommissionICSD International Continental Scientific Drilling (program)ICSI International Commission on Snow and Ice (IAHS)ICSTI International Council for Scientific and Technical InformationICSU International Council of Scientific UnionsICSU-ACE ICSU Advisory Committee on the EnvironmentICSW International Commission on Surface Water (IAHS)ICTP International Centre for Theoretical PhysicsICWG International Coordination Working GroupICWQ International Commission on Water Quality (IAHS)ICWRS International Commission on Water Resources Systems (IAHS)IDA International Development AgencyIDASS Integrated Data Assimilation and Sounding SystemIDB Inter-American Development BankIDCCC Interior Department Cartographic Coordinating Committee (DOI)IDCS Image Dissector Camera SystemIDDSAC Interim Data Documentation Standard for ARC/INFO AveragesIDEAL International Decade for the East African Lakes (project) (PAGES)IDNDR International Decade for Natural Disaster ReductionIDP Instrument Development ProgramIDRI Thailand Development Research InstituteIDS interdisciplinary scienceIDSS Integrated Data Sounding SystemIDRI Thailand Development Research InstituteIEA Institute of Energy AnalysisIEA International Energy AgencyIEA/ORAU Institute of Energy Analysis/Oak Ridge Associated UniversitiesIEC Implementation and Effectiveness of International Environmental CommitmentsIEE Institution of Electrical EngineersIEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. IEEE Institute for Electronics and Electrical EngineeringIELV intermediate expendable launch vehicleIEM Institute of Experimental MeteorologyIEOS International Earth Observing SystemIERS International Earth Reference SystemIERS International Ellipsoid Reference SystemIEW International Energy WorkshopIFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development (UN)IFDC International Fertilizer Development CenterIFE Institute for Energy Technology (Norway)IFIAS International Federation of Institutes for Advanced StudyIFIM Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)IFMH Institut fur Meereskunde, Hamburg, GermanyIFMK Institut fur Meereskunde, Kiel, GermanyIFN Ice-freezing nucleiIFO intensive field observationIFOV instantaneous field of viewIFRB International Frequency Registration BoardIFREMER Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploration de la MerIFRTP Institut Francais pour la Researche et la Technologie Polaire (French Institute for Polar Research Technology)IFS Integrated Forest Study on the Effects of Atmospheric DepositionIFS International Foundation for ScienceIFU Fraunhofer Institute for Atmospheric Environmental Research (Germany)IFYGL International Field Year for the Great Lakes (IHD)IG Institute of GeographyIGAC International Geosphere-Biosphere ProgrammeIGAC International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (Program) (IGBP and ICACGP)IGAC-SSC IGAC Scientific Steering CommitteeIGAP International Global Aerosol ProgramIGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (ICSU)IGBP-DIS IGBP Data and Information SystemIGC International Geophysical CooperationIGCC Integrated Gasification Combined CycleIGCP International Geological Correlation Programme (IUGS and UNESCO)IGEA International Group of Funding Agencies for Global Change ResearchIGFA Inter-Governmental Funding AgenciesIGFA International Group of Funding Agencies (for Global Change Research)IGLD International Great Lakes DatumIGN Institut Geographique NationalIGO Intergovernmental OrganizationIGOSS Integrated Global Ocean Services System (WMO/IOC)IGOSS Integrated Global Ocean Station System (UNESCO)IGPO International GEWEX Project OfficeIGRSS International Geoscience and Remote Sensing SocietyIGS International Glaciological SocietyIGT Institute of Gas Technology (Chicago)IGU International Geographical Union (ICSU)IGY International Geophysical Year (1 July 1957 - 31 December 1958)IHB International Hydrographic BureauIHD International Hydrological Decade (UNESCO)IHO International Hydrographic OrganizationIHP International Hydrological Program (UNESCO)IHS International Heliospheric StudyIHSS International Humic Substances SocietyII interdisciplinary investigatorIIASA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (Vienna)IIG Indian Institute of GeomagnetismIIID International Institute of Information DesignIIOE International Indian Ocean ExpeditionIISL International Institute of Space LawIITM Indian Institute for Tropical MeteorologyIJC International Joint Commission (Independent; Canada and U.S.)ILAS Improved Limb Atmospheric SpectrometerILO International Labor OrganizationILWAS Integrated Lake-Watershed Acidification Study (EPRI)IMA Information Management and Archives (Office)IM-Al inorganic monomeric aluminumIMAGE Integrated Model to Assess the Greenhouse EffectIMAGES International Marine Global Change Study (PAGES and SCOR)IMB Investigator of Micro-BiosphereIMC ice mass contentIMCO Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative OrganizationIMD India Meteorological DepartmentIMF ice mass fluxIMF International Monetary FundIMG Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse GasesIMO International Maritime OrganizationIMO International Meteorological Organization (formerly WMO)IMOP Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme (WMO)IMP ice mass pathIMS Information Management ServicesIMS Information Management SystemIMS International Mountain SocietyIMU International Mathematical UnionIN ice nucleiin. inchInc. IncorporatedINC Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (for a Framework Convention on Climate Change)INC International Negotiating Convention INCD International Convention to Combat DecertificationIND Industrial Metabolism ProjectINDIGO French programme, Indien Gaz OceanINEL Idaho National Engineering LaboratoryINFOCLIMA World Climate Data Information and Referral SystemINFOTERRA International Referral System for Sources of Environmental Information (UNEP)INPA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazona (Brazil)INPE Brazilian Institute for Space Research (Brazil)INPE Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espacialis Brazilian (Brazil) INQUA International Union for Quaternary ResearchINRA Institut National de Recherche Agronomiques (France)INS inertial navigation systemINS Institute ScholarsINSA Institut National des Sciences Appliques (France)INSAT Indian SatelliteINSTARR Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research (University of Colorado, Boulder)INSULA International Scientific Council for Island Development (NGO)INT p-iodonitrotetrazoliumINTECOL International Association of Ecology (ICSU and IUBS)INZN Institut Zairois pour la Conservation de la NatureI/O input/outputIO input/outputIOB Inter-Organization Board for Information Systems and Related ActivitiesIOC Intergovernmental Oceanographic Council (UNESCO)IOC Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO)IOC International Ozone CommissionIOCARIBE IOC Sub-Commission for the Carribbean and Adjacent RegionsIODE International Oceanographic Data/Information Exchange (IOC)IOP intensive observing periodIOPG Indian Ocean Planning Group (JGOFS)IOS Institute of Ocean Sciences (Canada)IP independent pixelIP Internet ProtocolIPB Bogor Agriculture Institute (Indonesia)IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (WMO and UNEP)IPCC-EIS IPCC-Energy and Industry SubgroupIPCC/RSWG/EIS IPCC/Response Strategies Working Group/Energy and Industry SubgroupIPEI Ionospheric Plasma and Electrodynamics InstrumentIPMS International Polar Motion ServiceIPO WOCE International Planning OfficeIPOC International Partner Operations CenterIPR Intellectual Property RightIPS Inter Press ServiceIPV isentropic potential vorticityIQSY International Quiet Sun Yearsir infrared (preferred over "IR")IR Infrared ("ir" is preferred)IRAP Interdisciplinary Panel on Climate ChangeIRC International Radiation CommissionIRD Instituto de Radioprotecao e Dosimetria (Brazil)IRF instantaneous radiative transferIRGA infrared gas analyzerIRI International Reference IonosphereIRIS Incorporated Research Institution for SeismologyIRIS infrared interferometer spectrometerIRIS integrated radar imaging systemIRP Installation Restoration ProgramIRRI International Rice Research InstituteIRSS Indian Remote Sensing SatelliteIRSSP Interactive Remote Sensing Software PackageIRTM infrared thermal mapperIRTS infrared temperature sounderIS92 IPCC Scenarios, 1992IS Image SubtractionISA Israel Space AgencyISA Italian Space AgencyISAMS improved stratospheric and mesospheric sounderISAR Intelligent Synthetic Aperture RadarISAS Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (Japan)ISC International Seismological CentreISCCP International Satellite Cloud Climatology Program (WCRP) ISEATRA International Symposium on Ecological Aspects of Tree-Ring AnalysisISEB 10 Tenth International Symposium on Environmental BiogeochemistryISEE International Sun-Earth ExplorerISEM International Society for Ecological ModellingISFA International Scientific Film AssociationISI International Statistical InstituteISLSCP International Satellite Land-Surface Climatology Project (GEWEX and WCRP)ISO International Standards OrganizationISOS International Southern Ocean StudiesISP International Society for PhotogrammetryISPRS International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote SensingISPs Integrated Steel PlantsISRIC International Soil Reference and Information CentreISRO Indian Space Research OrganizationISS integrated sounding systemISSC International Social Science CouncilISSP ICSU Solar System PanelISSS International Society of Soil ScienceISSMFE International Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation EngineeringIST Instrument Support TerminalISTAP International Space Technology Assessment ProgramISTP International Solar Terrestrial PhysicsISU International Space UniversityISWS Illinois State Water SurveyISY International Space Year (1992)ITASE International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (PAGES)ITB Bandung Institute of Technology (Indonesia)ITB Intergovernmental TOGA BoardITC International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth SciencesITCZ Intertropical Convergence ZoneITE Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (NERC)ITEM International Technology Environmental (data base) Management (system)ITEX International Tundra Experiment (USMAB Directorate on High Latitude Ecosystems)ITIR infrared thermal imaging radiometer (now ASTER)ITIR intermediate and thermal infrared radiometerITOS Improved TIROS Operational SystemITOY International Tropospheric Ozone YearITPO International TOGA Planning OfficeITPP International TOVS Processing PackageITPR infrared temperature profile radiometerITRA intercomparison of transmittance and radiance algorithmsITRC Industrial Toxicology Research CentreITRDB International Tree-Ring Data BankITSC International TOVS Study ConferenceITU integrated terrain unitITU International Telecommunication UnionIUAES International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological SciencesIUB International Union of Biochemistry (ICSU)IUBMB International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyIUBS International Union of Biological Sciences (ICSU)IUCAF Inter-Union Commission on Frequency Allocation for Radio Astronomy and Space ScienceIUCC Information Unit on Climate ChangeIUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (now World Conservation Union) (Switzerland)IUCr International Union of CrystallographyIUCRM Inter-Union Commission on Radio MeteorologyIUCS Inter-Union Commission on SpectroscopyIUE international ultraviolet explorerIUFRO International Union of Forestry Research Organizations (Secretariat, Schonbruan, Vienna)IUGG International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (ICSU)IUGS International Union of Geological Sciences (ICSU)IUHPS International Union of the History and Philosophy of ScienceIUNS International Union of Nutritional SciencesIUPAB International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics (ICSU)IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (ICSU)IUPAP International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (ICSU)IUPHAR International Union of PharmacologyIUPS International Union of Physiological SciencesIUPsyS International Union of Psychological ScienceIUR International Union of RadioecologistsIUTAM International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (ICSU)IVA intra vehicular activities Instituto Venezuelan de Investigaciones CientificasIVL Swedish Environmental Research InstituteIV&V independent verification and validationIWC Ice water contentIWG Investigators Working GroupIWGDMGC Interagency Working Group on Data Management for Global Change (U.S.)IWP Ice water pathIWRA International Water Resources AssociationIWSA International Water Supply AssociationIZMIRAN Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Radio Research, and the Ionosphere (Academy of Sciences) (Russian Federation; formerly U.S.S.R.)JJASIN Joint Sea-Air Interaction ExperimentJASON Scientific panel (MITRE CorporationJAWS Joint Airport Weather Studies (project)JECOR U.S.-Saudi Arabian Joint Commission of Economic CooperationJEDA Joint Environmental Data CenterJEE Japan Environment AgencyJEM Japanese Experiment ModuleJEOS Japanese Earth Observing SystemJEOS Japanese Earth Observing SatelliteJERS-1 Japanese Earth Remote-sensing Satellite-1JERS Japanese Earth Resources Satellite (JPOP) JGOFS Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (program) (IGBP and SCOR)JGOFS GS JGOFS Global Synthesis JGOFS PM JGOFS Photosynthetic Measurements (task team)JGOFS-SSC JGOFS Scientific Steering CommitteeJI Joint ImplementationJICST Japan Information Center of Science and TechnologyJIN Joint Implementation NetworkJIU joint inspection unitJJA June-July-AugustJMA Japan Meteorological AgencyJOC Joint Organizing CommitteeJOI Joint Oceanographic Institutions (Inc.)JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory (California Institute of Technology) (NASA)JPOP Japanese Polar-Orbiting Platform (JERS)JSC Johnson Space CenterJSC Joint Scientific Committee (ICSU, WCRP, and WMO)JSC-WCRP Joint Scientific Committee for the WCRP (ICSU and WMO)JST Japan Standard TimeJTC joint transfer correlationJTU Jackson turbidity unitKK kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature (the number of kelvins equals the number of degrees Celsius plus 273.15)ka thousands of yearsKAHE time series station off Kahe Point, Hawaiikbps kilobits per secondKEEP Kuroshio Edge Exchange ProcessesKERFIX Kerguelen fixed station (France) (JGOFS)keV kilo electron voltskg kilogramkHz kilohertzkJ kilojoule (energy measure)km kilometerKNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorological InstituteKow octanol-water partition coefficientkPa kiloPascal (pressure above ambient (100 kPa = 1 atmosphere excess))Kr kryptonKSC Kennedy Space Center (NASA)KUM Cape Kumukahi, HawaiikW kilowattkWh kilowatt hours (3.6 million joules)kyr kiloyearLL/C land coverL literLAC levelized annual costLAC local area coverageLAF Lake Acidification and Fisheries (EPRI)LAGCM general circulation model at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)LAGEOS Laser Geodynamics SatelliteLAI leaf area indexLAID land-atmosphere interactions dynamicsLAMBADA Large-scale Atmospheric Moisture Balance of Amazona using Data Assimilation (BAHC and GEWEX)LAMP Lake Acidification Mitigation Project (EPRI)LAN local area networkLandsat Land Remote-Sensing Satellite (formerly ERTS) (NASA)Landsat land satellite (photographs of the ground)LANL Los Alamos National LaboratoryLANL/ACL Los Alamos National Laboratory's Advanced Computing LaboratoryLAPAN National Institute for Aeronautics and Space (Indonesia)LaRC Langley Research Center (NASA)LASE Lidar Atmospheric Sensing ExperimentLASER light amplification by stimulated emission of radiationLASR Library Access, Search, and RetrievalLASS Local Area Sounding Systemlat. latitudeLAWS laser atmospheric wind sounderLBL Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (University of California)LBL line-by-lineLBLRTM line-by-line radiative transfer modelLCC land cover changeLCL lifting condensation levelLDC less-developed countryLDEO Lamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryLDGO Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryLDR linear depolarization ratioLEADEX Leads ExperimentLEAPS Low Electron Attachment Potential SpeciesLEBS Low Emission Boiler SystemsLEFI local electric field instrumentLEMA Long-term Ecological Modelling Activity (GCTE)LERTS Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches en Teledetection Spatiale (France)LES Lincoln Experimental SatelliteLFM limited fine-mesh modelLGM Last Glacial MaximumLHV Lower Heating ValueLI libraryLidar laser-radarLidar light detection and ranging (instrument)LIDQA Landsat Image Data Quality and AnalysisLIGA Last InterGlacial in the Arctic (project)LIMS Limb Infrared Monitor of the StratosphereLIPI Marine Pollution Monitoring Center (including LIPI's Network of the Center for Research and Development in Oceanography)LIPI Minister of State for Population and Research Environment (Indonesia)LIPI The Indonesian Institute of SciencesLIRAD lidar/radiometerLIS land information systemLIS lightning imaging sensorLITE Lidar In-Space Technology ExperimentLLL Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoriesLLNL Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLLW low-level wasteLMA Laboratoire de MeteorologieLMD Laboratoire de Meteorologie DynamiqueLMER Land Margins Ecosystem ResearchLMER Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation (ORNL)LMES Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. ("Energy Systems" is preferred)LNG Liquified Natural GasLODYC Laboratoire d'Oceanographic Dynamique et de ClimatologieLOICZ Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (IGBP)LOICZ-SSC LOICZ Scientific Steering Committeelong. longitudeLOIS Land Oceans Interactions StudyLONGLINES Long Hydrographic Sections Programme (U.S.)LORAN Long-Range Area Navigation SystemLORCS League of the Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesLOTREX Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (IGBP)LOTREX Longitudinal Land-Surface Traverse ExperimentLOTUS Long-Term Upper Ocean Study, Woods Hole, 1983LOWESS locally weighted least squaresLP Low PressureLPDA laser-phased Doppler anemometerLPDM Lagrangian particle dispersion modelLPG Liquid Petroleum GasLPI low-pressure impactorLPM liters per minuteLR laser retroreflectorLRA laser retroreflector arrayLRP Landscape Research Project (DOE)LRPT low-resolution picture transmissionLSC Lake Survey Center (NOAA)LSD least significant differenceLSM LAWS Simulation ModelLSN long- and short-normal resistivity (geophysical logging)LST local solar timeLST local standard timeLTER Long-Term Ecological Research (program) (NSF)LTM linear tangent modelLTM long-term monitoringLTREB Long-Term Research in Environmental BiologyLTRMP Long-Term Resource Monitoring Program (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)LTRRS Long-Term Regional Research SiteLUCC Land Use and Cover Change (IGBP and HDP)LUCC-CPPC LUCC Core Project Planning CommitteeLUCIE Study of circulation north and west of Australia (Leeuwin Current)LV Large Volume water samples (>100 liters)LVS Large Volume SamplingLVS low-volume samplerLW longwaveLWC liquid water contentLWIR long-wavelength (thermal) infraredLWP liquid water pathLWRM longwave radiation modelMm meterM-region Maunder regionM&CD Metals and Ceramics Division (ORNL)M&E monitoring and enforcementMAA moist-adiabatic adjustmentMAB Man and the Biosphere (programme) (UNESCO)MABL Marine atmospheric boundary layerMAC Middle Atmosphere Cooperation (IGAC)MAC Multiphase Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC)MACDIF Mapping and Charting Data Interchange Format (Canada)MAESA Measurements for Assessing the Effects of Stratospheric AircraftMAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food (U.K.)MAGE Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange (IGAC)MAGE Marine Gas Emissions, Atmospheric Chemistry, and Climate (IGAC)MAGIC Model of Acidification of Groundwater in CatchmentMAGS Mackenzie GEWEX Study (Canada)Magsat Magnetic Field SatelliteMAHLOVS Middle and High Latitudes Oceanic Variability StudyMAKS Martin and Kitzis Sampler (portable air sampler)MAP Middle Atmosphere ProgrammeMAP3S Multistate Atmospheric Power Production Pollution StudyMAP3S/PCN Multistate Atmospheric Power Production Pollution Study/Precipitation Chemistry NetworkMAPS Map Analysis Package SystemMAPS Measurement of Atmospheric Pollution from SatellitesMAPS Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction SystemMARC The Middle Atmosphere Responses to ChangesMARDOS "Sources of Radioactivity in the Marine Environment and Their Relative Contributors to Overall Dose Assessment from Marine Radioactivity" (IAEA CRP)MARECO Marine Radioecology Working Group (IUR)MARIA Methods for Assessing the Radiological Impact of Accidents (CEC)MASC Mountain Administration Support Center (NOAA)MASFLEX Marginal Sea Flux Experiment (in the West Pacific) (IGOPS)MAST Marine Science and Technology Programme (CEC)MAT marine air temperatureMATS Mesoscale Atmospheric Transport StudiesMAW Ministry of Agriculture and Water (Saudi Arabia)MB Manitobamb millibarMbps megabits per secondMBL marine boundary layerMBT Mechanical BathythermographMCC mesoscale convective complexMCC Mission Control CenterMCF Methane conversion factorMcIDAS Man-computer Interactive Data Access SystemMCL maximum contaminant levelmcm million cubic metreMCP Meteorological Communications Package (direct broadcast of operational data)MCS Mesoscale Cloud SystemMCS Mesoscale Convective SystemsMCSST Multi-Channel Sea Surface Temperature (algorithm)MCZ Mesoscale Compressible Community ModelMDA Methodology of Decision Analysis (project)MDC more developed countryMDE Middle EastMDR minimum detectable radianceMDSRS morphology-dependent stimulated Raman scatteringMEA monoethanolamineMECCA Model Evaluation Consortium for Climate AssessmentMED Mediterranean (the region) (START)MEDCOM Mediterranean Planning Committee (START)MEDCOM Mediterranean Regional Committee (START)MEDIAS Mediterranean and Subtropical AfricaMEDIAS Mediterranean Basin and Sub-tropical Africa (regional research network)MEDIAS Reseau de Recherche Regionale pour le Bassin Mediterraneen et l'Afrique SubtropicaleMEDS Marine Environmental Data Service (Canada)MEHALICE Methane and Halocarbons Intercalibrations Experiment (IGAC)MELV medium expendable launch vehicleMEPED medium energy proton and electron detectorMERGE Model for Evaluating Regional and Global Effects of GHG reduction policiesMERIS medium-resolution imaging spectrometerMERIT Monitoring Earth's Rotation and Intercomparison of TechniquesMERS Medium Resolution Imaging SpectrometerMES Military Engineering ServicesMESOSOFT Mesoscale Data Management FacilityMESEEC Methodologies to Estimate Social, Environmental, and Economic ConsequencesMESSR multispectral electronic self-scanning radiometerMETEOR Operational Weather Satellite (Russian Federation; formerly U.S.S.R.)Meteor Research vessel (Germany)METEOSAT Geosynchronous Meteorology Satellite (ESA)METEOSAT European Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (EUMETSAT)METOP Meteorological Operational Satellite (polar satellite series)MeV mega electron voltsMFE Magnetic Fusion Energy (program)MFE/MAGNOLIA MFE/Magnetic Field ExperimentMflops One megaflop equals 1 million (106) floating point operations per secondMFO mixed-function oxidase (enzyme system)MFRSR multifilter rotating shadowband radiometermg milligramMGE MicroStation Foundation and Modular GIS Environment (by Intergraph, Inc.)MGO Main Geophysical Observatory (Russia)Mha million hectareMHRS Modified Hazard Ranking System (DOE)MHS Message Handling System (electronic)MHS microwave humidity sounderMHz megahertzMIADS map information assembly and display systemMIAS Marine Information Advisory Service (U.K.)MIBK methyl isobutyl ketonemill(s) 0.001 U.S. dollarsMILOX Mid-Latitude Ecosystems and Photochemical Oxidants (IGAC)MIMD multiple instruction, multiple data (system) MIMR multifrequency imaging microwave radiometer (formerly HIMSS)MIMR multiband/multifrequency imaging microwave radiometer min minuteMINK Missouri-Iowa-Nebraska-KansasMIPAS Michelson interferometer for passive atmospheric sounding (sounder)MIPS &# | |
