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Title: Encyclopedias/Subject Encyclopedias/Spartacus Educational/Child Labour - Factory Pollution Features summary of report of major health problems of young workers.
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Factory Pollution
Factory Pollution
Spartacus,
USA History,
British
History, Second
World War, First
World War, Germany,
Child
Labour,
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One
on the major complaints made by factory reformers concerned the state
of the buildings that they children were forced to work in. A report
published in July 1833 stated that most factories were "dirty;
low-roofed; ill-ventilated; ill-drained; no conveniences for washing
or dressing; no contrivance for carrying off dust and other effluvia".
Sir Anthony Carlile, a doctor at Westminster Hospital visited some
textile mills in 1832. He later gave evidence to the House of Commons
on the dangers that factory pollution was causing for the young people
working in factories: "labour is undergone in an atmosphere heated
to a temperature of 70 to 80 and upwards". He pointed out that
going from a "very hot room into damp cold air will inevitably
produce inflammations of the lungs".
Doctors were also concerned about the "dust from flax and the
flue from cotton" in the air that the young workers were breathing
in. Dr. Charles Aston Key told Michael Sadler
that this "impure air breathed for a great length of time must
be productive of disease, or exceedingly weaken the body". Dr.
Thomas Young who studied textile workers in Bolton reported that factory
pollution was causing major health problems.
Most young workers complained of feeling sick during their first few
weeks of working in a factory. Robert Blincoe
said he felt that the dust and flue was suffocating him. This initial
reaction to factory pollution became known as mill fever. Symptoms
included sickness and headaches.
The dust and floating cotton fibre in the atmosphere was a major factor
in the high incidence of tuberculosis, bronchitis, asthma and byssinosis
amongst cotton workers.
Child
Labour Debate Activity (International School of Toulouse)
Child
Labour Simulation (Spartacus Educational)
(1)
Dr. Ward from Manchester was interviewed
about the health of textile workers on 25th March, 1919.
I
have had frequent opportunities of seeing people coming out from the
factories and occasionally attending as patients. Last summer I visited
three cotton factories with Dr. Clough of Preston and Mr. Barker of
Manchester and we could not remain ten minutes in the factory without
gasping for breath. How it is possible for those who are doomed to
remain there twelve or fifteen hours to endure it? If we take into
account the heated temperature of the air, and the contamination of
the air, it is a matter of astonishment to my mind, how the work people
can bear the confinement for so great a length of time.
(2)
William Cobbett reported a visit to a
textile factory in the Political Register that he made in September,
1824 (20th November, 1824).
The
1st, 2nd and 3rd of September were very hot days. The newspapers told
us that men had dropped down dead in the harvest fields and the many
horses had fallen dead in the harvest fields and that many horses
had fallen dead upon the road. Yet the heat during these days never
exceeded eighty-four degrees in the hottest part of the day. What,
then, must be the situation of the poor children who are doomed to
toil fourteen hours a day, in an average of eighty-two degrees? Can
any man, with a heart in his body, and a tongue in his head, refrain
from cursing a system that produces such slavery and such cruelty.
(3)
Frank Forrest, Chapters in the Life of a Dundee Factory Boy
(1850)
About
a week after I became a mill boy, I was seized with a strong, heavy
sickness, that few escape on first becoming factory workers. The cause
of the sickness, which is known by the name of "mill fever",
is the contaminated atmosphere produced by so many breathing in a
confined space, together with the heat and exhalations of grease and
oil and the gas needed to light the establishment.
(4)
William Dodd, A Narrative of William Dodd,:
A Factory Cripple (1841)
One
great cause of ill health to the operatives in factories is the dust
and lime which is continually flying about. Animal skins are soaked
in a strong solution of lime. The lime gets intermixed with the wool
and hair. It is put through the teaser in order to shake out the lime
and dust. The machine, and all around, are covered with the lime and
dust. The result is difficulty of breathing, asthma, etc.
(5)
Edward Baines, The History of the Cotton
Manufacture (1835)
The
noise and whirl of the machinery, which are unpleasant and confusing
to a spectator unaccustomed to the scene, produce not the slightest
effect on the operatives habituated to it. The only thing that makes
factory labour trying is that they are confined for long hours, and
deprived of fresh air: this makes them pale, and reduces their vigour,
but it rarely brings on disease. The minute fibres of cotton which
float in the rooms are admitted, even by medical men, not to be injurious
to young persons.
(6)
In 1835 Andrew Ure described life in the textile
factories in his book, The Philosophy of Manufactures.
On
my recent tour through the manufacturing districts, I have seen tens
of thousands of old, young and middle-aged of both sexes earning abundant
food, raiment, and domestic accommodation, without perspiring at a
single pore, screened meanwhile from the summer's sun and the winter's
frost, in apartments more airy and sulubrious than those of the metropolis
in which our legislature and fashionable aristocracies assemble.
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Features | summary | of | report | of | major | health | problems | of | young | workers. |
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